A recent genetic discovery has the potential to triple the grain yield from wheat crops while utilizing the same amount of land, water, and fertilizer. This breakthrough emerges from research conducted by scientists at the University of Maryland.
Typically, each floret of a standard wheat plant produces a single ovary, resulting in one grain per floret. However, a mutant variety known as MOV (multi-ovary) can produce up to three ovaries per floret, allowing for the possibility of generating three grains instead of one. Until recently, the genetic mechanisms behind this trait remained largely unknown.
In their study, researchers meticulously mapped the DNA of MOV wheat and contrasted it with that of conventional bread wheat to identify genetic distinctions. Their investigation revealed that a previously dormant gene, termed WUSCHEL-D1 (WUS-D1), becomes active in MOV wheat. The activation of this gene promotes the development of additional female flower components, such as pistils and ovaries. Consequently, activating WUS-D1 in cultivated wheat could lead to increased grain production.
Associate Professor Vijay Tiwari, a co-author of the study, stated, “Pinpointing the genetic basis of this trait offers a path for breeders to incorporate it into new wheat varieties, potentially increasing the number of grains per spike and overall yield.” He emphasized the importance of employing a gene editing toolkit to enhance this trait further, aiming to significantly boost wheat yields.
The findings of this research were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, marking a significant step towards improving agricultural productivity in wheat cultivation and addressing global food security challenges.
