A century ago, a diagnosis of a brain tumor was often viewed as a terminal condition. However, advancements in medical technology and treatment options have significantly transformed this perspective. Today, improved imaging techniques, safer surgical procedures, targeted therapies, and supportive communities offer patients renewed hope in their battle against brain tumors.
From October 25 to November 1, 2025, the global community will gather for International Brain Tumour Awareness Week. This initiative aims to enhance understanding of brain tumors, their impact on patients and families, and the importance of early detection.
A brain tumor is defined as an abnormal growth of cells within the brain. These tumors can be classified as malignant (cancerous) or benign (non-cancerous). Given that the brain governs essential functions such as thought, movement, and speech, the presence of tumors can lead to serious health issues. Symptoms may include morning headaches, seizures, nausea, blurred vision, weakness, or changes in speech. Individuals experiencing these symptoms should seek medical evaluation promptly.
In India, various organizations including hospitals, NGOs, and educational institutions are organizing events like health check-ups, awareness walks, discussions, and social media campaigns to promote brain tumor awareness. These initiatives aim to alleviate fears, dispel misconceptions, and highlight available support and resources.
Progress in Surgical Techniques
Brain surgery in the early 20th century was fraught with danger. Lacking modern imaging tools and anesthetics, surgeons often relied on crude methods to locate tumors, leading to high rates of infection and mortality. The introduction of electrocautery in the 1920s marked a significant improvement, followed by the development of operating microscopes in the 1950s and CT scans in the 1970s. The 1980s saw the arrival of MRI technology, while the last two decades have introduced frameless navigation, awake surgery, and innovative chemotherapy options like Temozolomide, which was added to the National List of Essential Medicines in 2015. As a result, survival rates for glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer, have improved significantly, with patients now averaging around 24 months of survival compared to previous years.
Quality of life metrics have also improved, as approximately 80% of patients who undergo brain surgery are able to return to work or school within six months, aided by comprehensive rehabilitation services such as physiotherapy and speech therapy.
Exploring Future Therapies
Currently, researchers are investigating advanced therapies, including liquid biopsies, CAR-T cell therapy, Vorasidenib, and focused ultrasound techniques, with early results showing promise. Modern tertiary care centers are evolving into community hubs, offering integrated neuro-oncology clinics that provide comprehensive care.
These centers also play a crucial role in training healthcare professionals to recognize warning signs, maintaining population-based registries for data-driven policy development, and collaborating with health insurance schemes to enhance accessibility and affordability of care.
When medical institutions, charitable organizations, and the public unite, they can diminish fear surrounding brain tumors and improve survival outcomes. During International Brain Tumour Awareness Week 2025, individuals are encouraged to wear grey ribbons, share online, learn about warning signs, donate blood, participate in local events, and seek medical attention if they notice symptoms in themselves or others.
As we reflect on the progress made in the fight against brain tumors, it is essential to continue advocating for awareness and support. By educating ourselves and supporting one another, we can transform fear into a collective effort towards finding future cures.
(Dr. Boopesh Pugazhendi is a neurosurgeon at Naruvi Hospitals in Vellore. Email: [email protected])
