Excavations in the remote regions of Egypt”s Western Desert have unveiled fossils from a prehistoric crocodile that significantly alter our understanding of the evolutionary history of these remarkable reptiles. Paleontologists have identified a new species, dubbed Wadisuchus kassabi, which is now recognized as the earliest member of the Dyrosauridae family, dating back approximately 80 million years.
The fossils were discovered near the Kharga and Baris oases, an area that was once covered by ancient seawater. Unlike modern crocodiles, which typically inhabit freshwater environments, these ancient relatives thrived in saltwater coastal regions and open seas. Advanced imaging techniques, including high-resolution CT scans and 3D modeling, allowed researchers to analyze partial skulls and snout tips from four individual specimens, revealing distinct features that provide insight into the developmental stages of these creatures.
According to senior study author Hesham Sallam, a professor at Mansoura University, the findings shed light on the anatomical differences that characterized dyrosaurids. Lead author Sara Saber from Assiut University described the species as a crocodile-like reptile measuring around 13 feet in length with a long snout and sharp teeth, perfectly adapted for capturing prey in the Cretaceous waters.
The researchers noted that the unique tooth arrangement and the positioning of the nostrils on the snout distinguish Wadisuchus kassabi from other members of the Dyrosauridae family. This discovery is crucial, as it fills a significant gap in the fossil record of dyrosaurids, suggesting that their diversification may have occurred earlier than previously believed, potentially during the Early Coniacian to Santonian periods.
The implications of this discovery extend beyond the evolutionary narrative of crocodiles. The research team posits that the origins of crocodiles may be traced back to North Africa, with subsequent lineages spreading globally from this region. Co-author Belal Salem emphasized the importance of preserving the fossil-rich sites in Egypt”s Western Desert, which continue to unveil secrets from the Earth”s distant past. He remarked that these sites represent a legacy for future generations in Egypt.
