Intrauterine insemination (IUI) and In vitro fertilization (IVF) are two distinct techniques within assisted reproductive technology (ART) designed to assist women facing challenges in achieving pregnancy naturally. In IUI, sperm is directly injected into the uterus to enhance the likelihood of conception. On the other hand, IVF involves a comprehensive process that includes ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, laboratory fertilization, and embryo transfer.
IUI is a fertility treatment focused on placing sperm within a woman”s uterus to facilitate fertilization. The primary objective is to increase the number of sperm that reach the fallopian tubes, thereby enhancing the chances of conception. This method is particularly beneficial for women who have healthy fallopian tubes but face unexplained infertility. Conditions such as difficulties in sexual intercourse due to physical or psychological factors may also lead couples to consider this option. Additionally, IUI can be utilized when sperm needs to be used from a frozen sample, such as in cases where a male partner is unavailable or prior to cancer treatment.
The IUI procedure involves the careful insertion of processed sperm through the cervix and into the uterus, ideally timed with ovulation. This technique can be performed during a natural menstrual cycle or combined with ovulation induction for women with irregular cycles. If conception does not occur after several attempts, healthcare providers often discuss the possibility of transitioning to IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
For couples unable to engage in vaginal intercourse, IUI may be recommended. This includes situations where unprotected sex poses health risks, such as in couples where one partner has HIV.
Success rates for IUI depend on several factors, including the number of motile sperm available. After processing, at least five million motile sperm are typically necessary for a successful outcome. Samples containing fewer motile cells tend to exhibit significantly lower success rates.
Many patients wonder about the procedure”s discomfort. IUI is considered minimally invasive, often requiring no pain medication or anesthesia. Patients may feel a mild pinch, similar to the sensation during a routine Pap smear, along with slight cramping as the catheter is inserted through the cervix.
Once the sperm is introduced into the reproductive system, it generally takes about 30 to 45 minutes to reach the egg. Healthy sperm can survive within the female body for two to five days, making timely ovulation crucial for successful fertilization.
Preparation for IUI involves specific recommendations, such as abstaining from ejaculation for at least three days prior to the procedure to enhance sperm health. If the male partner is providing a sperm sample, it is advisable to avoid ejaculation for a period of three to five days beforehand.
Dr. Taiwo Orebamjo, a consultant obstetrician and medical administration expert, emphasizes the importance of understanding the appropriate fertility treatment options available. He is affiliated with the Kingston Academy of Learning and Career College in Canada and holds a postgraduate degree from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in London. Additionally, he serves as a consultant obstetrician and gynecologist, as well as the medical director at Parklande Specialist Hospital and Lifeshore Fertility and IVF Clinic.
