Biosphere 2, which began as an ambitious project in September 1991 with eight scientists, continues to thrive nearly 35 years later as a state-of-the-art research facility. Initially designed to explore the feasibility of space colonization, it now serves as a hub for cutting-edge environmental research.
The project, funded by billionaire Ed Bass, captured global attention at its inception. “The moment finally arrived,” recalled KGUN 9 news reporter Mark Horner, reflecting on the sealing of the facility with four men and four women inside for a two-year mission. The goal was to rely solely on the internal resources of the complex.
As the experiment progressed, the crew faced significant challenges, including dangerously low oxygen levels due to an imbalance between plants and soil. Despite a well-developed agricultural system, the group struggled with food supply and interpersonal conflicts. When they emerged two years later, some deemed the project a failure. However, John Adams, the current deputy director, firmly disagrees. “Biosphere 2 was absolutely not a failure,” he asserted, emphasizing its ongoing role in research.
In 2011, the University of Arizona took ownership of Biosphere 2, utilizing the facility for various scientific studies. One notable project is the Landscape Evolution Observatory, which investigates how rainfall in mountainous regions affects downstream water availability and quality.
The rain forest biome, once a source of sustenance for the Biospherians, now aids research efforts. Scientists previously simulated a drought by shutting off water for six weeks, revealing the resilience of the ecosystem as it rebounded significantly. “The vegetation has gotten incredibly dense since that drought,” Adams noted.
Adjacent to the rain forest, researchers study a million-gallon ocean tank to examine the impacts of rising temperatures and CO2 levels on coral reefs and marine life. In the desert biome, endangered Sonoyta pupfish were introduced into a newly created stream environment, marking a significant conservation effort. “We are becoming a safe haven for an endangered species,” said Joaquin Ruiz, director of Biosphere 2.
Overall, the evolution of Biosphere 2 into a relevant research center is a testament to its innovative design and purpose, remaining valuable for education and environmental studies even after three decades.
