On October 18, 2025, the “No Kings” protests took place across the United States, with many citizens marching and demonstrating in support of democracy. The pro-democracy groups aimed to show that collective action can affirm democratic values. Despite criticism from several Republican leaders, who labeled the events as “hate America” rallies, experts in political science and national security recognize that the current actions of the U.S. administration pose significant risks to the nation”s established democratic framework.
The decline of democracy can be gradual and difficult to reverse. Research from the Swedish institute V-Dem reveals that only a small fraction of democracies that have experienced autocratization since 1994 have managed to recover. This phenomenon, known as “democratic backsliding,” involves systematic changes to laws and norms that erode individual freedoms and undermine the checks and balances necessary for a functioning democracy. Countries like Hungary and Brazil illustrate this troubling trend.
As someone with extensive experience in promoting democracy globally, I understand that the United States” robust constitutional framework, federalist structure, and vibrant independent institutions are unique. However, strategies from around the world could provide valuable lessons in countering autocratic movements. Nonviolent resistance, which emphasizes noncooperation with autocratic actions, has proven more effective in dismantling oppressive regimes than violent uprisings.
One effective method involves broad mobilization against autocratic governance. Generating momentum can prove challenging, as aspiring autocrats often instill fear through intimidation, force, and legal maneuvers, leading to a climate of acquiescence. Autocrats depend on various societal institutions—referred to as “pillars of support”—to enforce their will and maintain power. Nevertheless, individuals across society possess the ability to disrupt these supports through collective action.
Refusal to comply with autocratic orders by key members within the military, civil service, or judiciary can significantly hinder an autocratic takeover. For instance, in South Korea, elements of the military and civil service opposed the imposition of martial law in 2024. In Poland, a combination of legal challenges, public education efforts, and protests, such as the “March of a Thousand Robes,” effectively displayed resistance against the government”s attacks on the rule of law.
The recent Nobel Peace Prize winner, Maria Corina Machado, exemplifies how political leaders can unite across divides to present a unified vision against autocracy. Forming coalitions among diverse political factions—such as independents, libertarians, and the Green Party—can be vital for success, although maintaining these alliances can be difficult.
Everyday consumers can exert pressure on businesses that support autocratic regimes through boycotts. General strikes, particularly those led by labor unions, have shown effectiveness in places like Sudan and Myanmar. Ultimately, voting out autocratic leaders remains the most straightforward way to restore democracy, as seen in Brazil, where a pro-democracy candidate defeated a hard-right incumbent.
Engagement in community discussions, nonpartisan group initiatives, and local government forums can also foster democratic participation. Such grassroots efforts can connect with larger state or national movements aimed at defending democratic values. Driving public opinion through effective communication is essential for pro-democracy campaigns.
Creative forms of resistance, including art, satire, and social media, have emerged as powerful tools for mobilization, as demonstrated by Serbian students in 2024. Bridging ideological divides can enhance understanding and combat political polarization, especially when religious leaders play a role in fostering dialogue.
Even in autocratic states, strengthening democratic practices at local levels—such as citizen assemblies—can showcase alternative governance models. Citizens can also utilize technology to document abuses and preserve historical evidence, which is critical in combating repression and maintaining independent media.
As the landscape for nonviolent resistance evolves, democracy advocates must remain adaptable and vigilant. International support, such as that from the European Union for pro-democracy activists in Belarus and Georgia, can bolster local efforts. The future of American democracy hinges on the engagement of its citizens, particularly in a world where autocracies now outnumber democracies.
