NASA is preparing for its OSIRIS-APEX mission, which will investigate the asteroid Apophis during its close flyby of Earth on April 13, 2029. This potentially dangerous asteroid, measuring approximately 340 meters in diameter, will pass at a distance of only 32,000 kilometers from our planet, closer than many geostationary satellites.
The upcoming event is significant as it presents a unique opportunity for scientists to observe how the gravitational pull of Earth affects the asteroid”s orbit, rotation, and surface features. According to NASA, this close encounter is considered a “natural experiment” that will enhance our understanding of the interactions between asteroids and planetary gravity.
During this notable approach, the gravitational forces exerted by Earth are expected to alter Apophis”s orbit and potentially its rotation speed. These forces may even trigger seismic activity or landslides on the asteroid”s surface. Amy Simon, a project scientist at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, indicated last year that the OSIRIS-APEX mission will monitor Apophis immediately after its passage to observe surface changes resulting from Earth”s gravitational influence.
The spacecraft will perform a close approach, utilizing its thrusters to lift dust and loose rocks from Apophis”s surface. This will allow for the analysis of materials just beneath the surface, providing crucial insights into the structure and evolution of small celestial bodies in our solar system. Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina, the principal investigator for OSIRIS-APEX at the University of Arizona, remarked that this close encounter serves as a significant natural experiment. It highlights the fundamental processes of tidal forces and debris accumulation that may play a role in planet formation.
Apophis was discovered in 2004 and was initially considered one of the most hazardous asteroids due to potential impact risks. However, subsequent observations have ruled out any threat from this asteroid for the foreseeable future. Its 2029 approach will be so close that it could be visible to the naked eye from the eastern hemisphere, marking a milestone in modern astronomy.
